Decoded per ISO 3779 / FMVSS 115. WMI data from Wikibooks, Wikipedia, EpicVIN country codes, and SAE registry (470+ WMI codes). Country ranges per EpicVIN's full ISO 3780 table. Year: NA VINs use NHTSA pos7 cycle rule; non-NA manufacturers vary — modern bias applied (post-2000 preferred when ambiguous). Model, engine & plant data from manufacturer VDS tables and WMI registries. "Not determined" means the VDS pattern is not in the database. Model year: North American VINs use pos. 7 + pos. 10 for exact year. Most European/Japanese VINs do NOT encode year in pos. 10 — shown as "Not encoded". Check digit applies to North American VINs only.